41.Hypokalaemia is caused by the deficiency of _____:
[A] Iodine
[B] Iron
[C] Calcium
[D] Potassium
Correct Answer: D [Potassium]
Notes:
Potassium Deficiency (Hypokalemia) is characterized by a blood potassium level below 3.5 mmol per liter. Instead, it occurs when your body suddenly loses a lot of fluid. Common causes include chronic vomiting, diarrhea, excessive sweating and blood loss.
42.Amoeba belongs to which of the following kingdom?
[A] Monera
[B] Fungi
[C] Protista
[D] Animalia
Correct Answer: C [Protista]
Notes:
Organisms referred to by the term “amoeba” belong to the Domain Eukarya, Kingdom Protista, Subkingdom Protozoa, which almost exclusively includes single-celled eukaryotes that get nutrition from other organisms. Amoebas belong to the class Sarcodina, which has as its principle-distinguishing feature the presence of pseudopodia. The Protista kingdom is made up of single-celled eukaryotic organisms that are neither plant, animal, bacteria, nor fungus.
43.How many neck canal cells are found in the archegonium of a fern?
[A] One
[B] Two
[C] Three
[D] Four
Correct Answer: A [One]
Notes:
Archegonium is the female reproductive organ in ferns and mosses. The upper part of the archegonium, the neck, consists of four rows of cells containing central neck cells. The uppermost of the neck cells are the neck canal cells; the lowest cell is the ventral canal cell. It has one neck canal cell with two nuclei.
44.Copper is associated with ____ mitochondrial enzymes:
[A] Acid phosphatase
[B] Catalase
[C] Succinic dehydrogenase
[D] Cytochrome oxidase
Correct Answer: D [Cytochrome oxidase]
Notes:
Copper is involved in normalized function of many enzymes, such as cytochrome oxidase, which is complex IV in mitochondrial electron transport chain, These enzymes catalyze reactions for oxidative phosphorylation, iron transportation, antioxidant and free radical scavenging and neutralization, and neurotransmitter synthesis, respectively.
45.Hepatitis is caused by _____:
[A] Parasite
[B] Bacteria
[C] Fungus
[D] Virus
Correct Answer: D [Virus]
Notes:
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver. Viruses cause most cases of hepatitis. There are 5 main hepatitis viruses, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. The type of hepatitis is named for the virus that causes it; for example, hepatitis A, hepatitis B or hepatitis C. Drug or alcohol use can also cause hepatitis.
46.____ is a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood:
[A] Oxytocin
[B] Insulin
[C] Glucogen
[D] Thyroxine
Correct Answer: B [Insulin]
Notes:
Insulin secreted by beta cells of Islets of Langerhans in pancreas, a heterocrine gland, regulates the glucose metabolism. It secretion converts the excess of glucose into glycogen stored in liver to maintain normal blood glucose level of 90-92 mg per 100 mL. Once the blood glucose level falls, glucagon an another hormone but from alpha cell converts stored glycogen back into glucose.
47.Five Kingdom classification was given by _____:
[A] Whittaker
[B] Heckel
[C] Linneus
[D] Copeland
Correct Answer: A [Whittaker]
Notes:
Robert Harding Whittaker was a distinguished American plant ecologist who was the first to pro pose the five-kingdom taxonomic classification of the world’s biota into the Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protista, and Monera in 1969. He also proposed the Whittaker Biome Classification, which categorized biome-types upon two abiotic factors: temperature and precipitation.
48.The plants, which grow under water stress conditions of deserts are _____:
[A] Sciophytes
[B] Heliophytes
[C] Epiphytes
[D] Xerophytes
Correct Answer: D [Xerophytes]
Notes:
The term xerophyte refers to a plant species that has evolved over time to adapt to dry and arid regions like deserts. Xerophytes have adapted to be able to keep extremely large amounts of water for a long period of time. Without this capability, the plant would die, as the desert region itself does not provide enough water to sustain life. They have thick cuticle, sunken stomata and leaves modified in form of spines such as in opuntia.
49.Who presented that all the plants and animals are composed of cells and that the cell is the basic unit of life?
[A] M. Schleiden and T. Schwann
[B] Leeuwanhoek
[C] Virchow
[D] J. E. Purkinje
Correct Answer: A [M. Schleiden and T. Schwann]
Notes:
Cell theory was first developed in 1839 by Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann. They stated that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms, and that all cells come from pre-existing cells.
50.Loss of water in plants in the form of liquid is known as _____:
[A] Transpiration
[B] Imbibition
[C] Osmosis
[D] Guttation
Correct Answer: D [Guttation]
Notes:
The process by which plants lose water in liquid form is called Guttation. In guttation, the loss of water in the form of liquid takes place from the uninjured margins of the leaves. It mostly takes place during night. On the other hand, if the water is lost from the plant body in the form of water vapors, then the phenomenon is called Transpiration
